Productivity enhancement of solar still with pv powered heating. Solar stills can be classified into active and passive solar stills. In this work, a single slope solar still having a transparent glass cover is considered to be heated at its bottom by a circulating heat transfer fluid. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. It considers advanced modifications in the design and development of materials, single and multieffect solar stills with augmentation of different materials, energyabsorbing insulators, and mechanisms of heat and mass transfer to improve the loss of heat and enhance the productivity. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. Active solar panels rely on external energy sources only. Pdf on feb 17, 2016, sorabh rai and others published active solar still find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. In addition to the active solar energy system, passive solar heating system can be used.
Sea water desalination through solar radiation distillation process can achieve low cost and sustainable fresh water for remote dry areas. For singlebasin singleslope active solar still, stepped. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. From this study it has been observed that the productivity of solar still has been increased with decreasing in water. Monthly performance of passive and active solar stills. Parametric study of an active and passive solar distillation system. Active solar stills use thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels, and.
In case of active solar still, an additional source of thermal energy is required for faster evaporation inside the same passive solar still. In fact, ancient civilizations used passive solar design. Exergy analysis of double slope active solar still under forced. Its principle of operation is the greenhouse effect. Monthly performance of passive and active solar stills for.
There is a modern desalination plant in tugun at the gold coast. Saeedi and others published optimization of a pvt photovoltaicthermal active solar still find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Active solar heating systems use solar energy to heat a fluid either liquid or air and then transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to a storage system for later use. The performance of active single slope solar still using different operational parameters is studied theoretically and compared with the experimental data for validation purposes, to find out best. Why cant solar stills convert sea water into fresh water. Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water of solar still. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water in solar stills. In this article, different water desalination techniques with their economic analysis are briefly. The difference between active and passive solar systems.
To produce significant amounts of water from a solar still would require either an extremely large region of ocean be covered with a condensing medium such as a plastic sheet. This paper presents the parametric study of passive and active solar stills integrated with a flat plate collector based on the computer based thermal models. Fath elbanna for desalination and energy technology, alexandria, egypt keywords. The passive solar stills are conventional solar stills css which use the solar energy falling on the basin effective area as the only source of thermal energy. Active solar stills can provide enhanced distillate productivity, as saline water is circulated and put in contact with an additional heat source which supplies extra heat to the system. The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and. Pdf theoretical analysis of solar distillation using active solar still. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon. However, in the active solar still, extra thermal energy is given to the passive solar still for faster evaporation, and hence increasing productivity. Guide to passive solar home design department of energy. Optimizing an active solar still for sea water desalination. Optimization of a pv t photovoltaicthermal active solar.
Schematic view of an active solar still coupled with a fiatplate collector. Saeedi and others published optimization of a pv t photovoltaicthermal active solar still find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. This is shown in illustration 171, based on the information given in table 171. It is also helpful to understand specific savings in cost for buildings that. Solar hot water systems use pumps or fans to circulate fluid often a mixture of water and glycol to prevent freezing during winter periods or air, through solar collectors, and are therefore classified under active solar technology some of the basic benefits of active systems is that controls usually electrical can be used to maximize their effectiveness. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Active solar systems use hot water pumps or fans to pump fluids. Pdf the performance of active single slope solar still using different operational parameters is studied theoretically and compared with the.
Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. Pdf theoretical analysis of solar distillation using. In conventional passive solar stills, the solar radiation passes. Guide to passive solar home design by using the basic physical. A schematic diagram of typical basin type solar still is shown in figure 1.
Weve listed some of the features of the active solar systems for you to have a. Active solar systems engs 44 sustainable design benoit cushmanroisin 7 may 2019 there are situations where one may wish to go beyond passive solar gain. One of the main benefits of using them is that they can be used to increase the effectiveness of your solar system. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Experimental study on performance of passive and active solar stills.
An active solar energy system is a solar water or spaceheating system that uses pumps or fans to circulate the fluid from the solar collectors to a storage tank subsystem. A strictly passive design will rely on natural heat transfer, but some applications use fans, ducts, and blowers to help distribute heat. Later, in order to overcome the above problem, many active solar stills have been developed. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Different versions of a solar still can be used to desalinate seawater, in desert survival kits and for home water purification. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distillates in a process similar to the natural evaporation of water by sun heat.
They all basically use the same principle, but have different shapes and ways of catching the liquid. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active. Can a solar still generate enough fresh water for survival. This experimental study has been carried out to measure the effect of ethp solar collector by natural convection on solar still. Solar stills can be used in povertystricken areas, in deserts, at sea, and to help reduce energy costs and pollution as stills are environmentally friendly. Multistage, multieffect active solar still is observed to give an average distillate output of 20 kgm 2 d. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households.
From the study, they observed that, the double slope active solar still under natural circulation modes gives 51% higher yield in comparison to the double slope passive solar still. Pdf performance study for active solar stills based on energy. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Summer winter software that can improve the design and integration of passive solar principles. Chapter 17 solar energy pennsylvania state university.
Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. Modeling an active solar still for sea water desalination. History of passive solar energy university of north. Monthly and annual performances of passive and active solar stills were studied for five weather stations. If the solar system cannot provide adequate space heating, an auxiliary or backup system provides the additional heat. Stranded on an island with just duct tape and plastic wrap, jamie constructs a solar still to create drinkable water from condensation. Windows act as collectors in a passive solar design, while active solar systems use additional equipment. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Heat distribution passive solar design allows solar heat to circulate from collection and storage points to different areas of the house. Economic analysis also shows that active solar still is a good replacement of nonrenewable energy based water purification techniques. This is the main drawback of a passive solar still.
Pdf we have superfluous amount of solar radiation available on the earth which we can use for various purposes like conventional and non. The science, purpose, and benefits of a solar still. While passive solar heating employs methods to capture heat from the sun, it does nothing to actively enhance the process. Optimization of a pvt photovoltaicthermal active solar. Solar stills solar still is possibly the oldest method of desalination of water. Chennai, jodhpur, kolkata, mumbai and new delhi in india. Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. Active solar heating is a more involved process than passive solar heating. The thermal efficiency of double slope active solar still is lower than the thermal efficiency of double slope passive solar still.
Design of solar thermal systems calculation methods. While many people are aware of active solar energy systems, such as solar panels, passive solar energy is a division of solar energy that uses the suns energy in a more natural manner. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it. Active still, basin still, collector, concentrator, forced circulation, greenhouse, passive still, wick still contents 1. A stepbystep guide on how to make a solar still with simple materials if stranded in an area with no water. There are two basic types of active solar heating systems based on the type of fluid either liquid or air that is heated in the solar energy collectors. There is not enough sun at the location, or the buildings facade is too heavily shaded by adjacent structures or tr ees, but the roof is well exposed. For solar still activity with standards, teachers guide, and student instructions, please see the solar stills challenge pdf, part of the 2011 international year of chemistry, or pbs learning medias solar still activity for grades 312. Solar radiation is the input energy of the passive solar stills, but the efficiency of the system is low. A thermal model for predicting the performance of a solar still with. The daily thermal efficiency of solar still varies from. What is new are building materials, methods, and solar positioning considerations the south side of the home must be oriented to within 30 degrees of due south. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Pdf performance analysis of active solar still with ethp.
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